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版本：9.x

工作空间（Workspace）

pnpm 内置了对单一存储库（也称为多包存储库、多项目存储库或单体存储库）的支持， 你可以创建一个 workspace 以将多个项目合并到一个仓库中。

A workspace must have a pnpm-workspace.yaml file in its root. A workspace also may have an .npmrc in its root.

提示

If you are looking into monorepo management, you might also want to look into Bit. Bit 在后台使用 pnpm，但将许多当前在由 pnpm/npm/Yarn 管理的传统工作区中手动完成的事情自动化。 There's an article about bit install that talks about it: Painless Monorepo Dependency Management with Bit.

Workspace 协议 (workspace:)​

默认情况下，如果可用的 packages 与已声明的可用范围相匹配，pnpm 将从工作区链接这些 packages。 For instance, foo@1.0.0 is linked into bar if bar has "foo": "^1.0.0" in its dependencies and foo@1.0.0 is in the workspace. However, if bar has "foo": "2.0.0" in dependencies and foo@2.0.0 is not in the workspace, foo@2.0.0 will be installed from the registry. 这种行为带来了一些不确定性。

Luckily, pnpm supports the workspace: protocol. 当使用此协议时，pnpm 将拒绝解析除本地 workspace 包含的 package 之外的任何内容。 So, if you set "foo": "workspace:2.0.0", this time installation will fail because "foo@2.0.0" isn't present in the workspace.

This protocol is especially useful when the link-workspace-packages option is set to false. In that case, pnpm will only link packages from the workspace if the workspace: protocol is used.

通过别名引用 workspace 包​

Let's say you have a package in the workspace named foo. Usually, you would reference it as "foo": "workspace:*".

If you want to use a different alias, the following syntax will work too: "bar": "workspace:foo@*".

在发布之前，别名被转换为常规名称。 The above example will become: "bar": "npm:foo@1.0.0".

通过相对路径引用 workspace 包​

假如 workspace 中有两个包：

+ packages
	+ foo
	+ bar

bar may have foo in its dependencies declared as "foo": "workspace:../foo". 在发布之前，这些将转换为所有包管理器支持的常规版本规范。

发布 workspace 包​

When a workspace package is packed into an archive (whether it's through pnpm pack or one of the publish commands like pnpm publish), we dynamically replace any workspace: dependency by:

  • The corresponding version in the target workspace (if you use workspace:*, workspace:~, or workspace:^)
  • 相关的 semver 范围（对于任何其他范围类型）

So for example, if we have foo, bar, qar, zoo in the workspace and they all are at version 1.5.0, the following:

{
	"dependencies": {
		"foo": "workspace:*",
		"bar": "workspace:~",
		"qar": "workspace:^",
		"zoo": "workspace:^1.5.0"
	}
}

将会被转化为：

{
	"dependencies": {
		"foo": "1.5.0",
		"bar": "~1.5.0",
		"qar": "^1.5.0",
		"zoo": "^1.5.0"
	}
}

这个功能允许你发布转化之后的包到远端，并且可以正常使用本地 workspace 中的 packages，而不需要其它中间步骤。包的使用者也可以像常规的包那样正常使用，且仍然可以受益于语义化版本。

发布工作流​

workspace 中的包版本管理是一个复杂的任务，pnpm 目前也并未提供内置的解决方案。 不过，有两个不错且支持 pnpm 的版本控制工具可以使用：

For how to set up a repository using Rush, read this page.

For using Changesets with pnpm, read this guide.

问题排查​

如果工作空间依赖项之间存在循环，则 pnpm 无法保证脚本将按拓扑顺序运行。 如果 pnpm 在安装过程中检测到循环依赖，则会提供一个 warning 警告。 如果 pnpm 能够找出导致循环的依赖项，也会将其展示出来。

If you see the message There are cyclic workspace dependencies, please inspect workspace dependencies declared in dependencies, optionalDependencies and devDependencies.

使用示例​

以下是几个使用了 pnpm 工作空间功能的最受欢迎的开源项目：

项目获得星星的数量迁移日期迁移提交
Next.js2022-05-29f7b81316aea4fc9962e5e54981a6d559004231aa
Material UI2024-01-03a1263e3e5ef8d840252b4857f85b33caa99f471d
Vite2021-09-263e1cce01d01493d33e50966d0d0fd39a86d229f9
Nuxt2022-10-1774a90c566c936164018c086030c7de65b26a5cb6
Vue 3.02021-10-0961c5fbd3e35152f5f32e95bf04d3ee083414cecb
Astro2022-03-08240d88aefe66c7d73b9c713c5da42ae789c011ce
n8n2022-11-09736777385c54d5b20174c9c1fda38bb31fbf14b4
Prisma2021-09-21c4c83e788aa16d61bae7a6d00adc8a58b3789a06
Novu2021-12-23f2ea61f7d7ac7e12db4c9e70767082841ed98b2b
Slidev2021-04-12d6783323eb1ab1fc612577eb63579c8f7bc99c3a
Turborepo2022-03-02fd171519ec02a69c9afafc1bc5d9d1b481fba721
Element Plus2021-09-23f9e192535ff74d1443f1d9e0c5394fad10428629
NextAuth.js2022-05-034f29d39521451e859dbdb83179756b372e3dd7aa
Ember.js2023-10-18b6b05da662497183434136fb0148e1dec544db04
Qwik2022-11-14021b12f58cca657e0a008119bc711405513e1ee9
VueUse2021-09-25826351ba1d9c514e34426c85f3d69fb9875c7dd9
SvelteKit2021-09-26b164420ab26fa04fd0fbe0ac05431f36a89ef193
Verdaccio2021-09-219dbf73e955fcb70b0a623c5ab89649b95146c744
Vercel2023-01-129c768b98b71cfc72e8638bf5172be88c39e8fa69
Vitest2021-12-13d6ff0ccb819716713f5eab5c046861f4d8e4f988
Cycle.js2021-09-21f2187ab6688368edb904b649bd371a658f6a8637
Milkdown2021-09-264b2e1dd6125bc2198fd1b851c4f00eda70e9b913
Nhost2022-02-0710a1799a1fef2f558f737de3bb6cadda2b50e58f
Logto2021-07-290b002e07850c8e6d09b35d22fab56d3e99d77043
Rollup plugins2021-09-2153fb18c0c2852598200c547a0b1d745d15b5b487
icestark2021-12-164862326a8de53d02f617e7b1986774fd7540fccd
ByteMD2021-02-1836ef25f1ea1cd0b08752df5f8c832302017bb7fb